January 3, 2012 2:28 pm

Election 2012: Republican Candidate Profiles

By Caroline Cox

The 2012 Republican nomination process has officially started with Iowa Caucuses on January 3. Although coverage of the horse race has been constant since the field of candidates first started taking shape, close looks at the candidates’ policy positions and potential strengths and weaknesses are not often discussed. The Harvard Political Review is now featuring profiles of the major candidates. As the results come in and the candidates drop out, the profiles will be updated to reflect the changes.

The complete list of profiles, as compiled by HPR writers:

Mitt Romney

Ron Paul

Rick Santorum

Michele Bachmann

Rick Perry

Newt Gingrich

Jon Huntsman

Buddy Roemer

January 3, 2012 12:47 am

Michele Bachmann

By Humza Bokhari

BACKGROUND

A native of Waterloo, Iowa, Michele Bachmann is a representative of Minnesota’s Sixth District, which she has served since 2007.  She is a former Minnesota State Senator and federal tax litigation attorney. Bachmann, 55, is married with five children, and is a graduate of Winona State University, Oral Roberts University, and William & Mary Law School. Read More…

January 3, 2012 12:47 am

Mitt Romney

By Ross Svenson

BACKGROUND

The son of former Governor George Romney of Michigan and Lenore Romney, a 1970 Republican Senate candidate, Mitt Romney comes from a political family. He chose, however, to begin his career in the private sector, first working at Boston Consulting Group, then Bain & Company. In 1983, he co-founded the Bain & Company private equity spin-off firm, Bain Capital, where he accumulated a large fortune and developed a reputation as a skilled businessman. In 1994, Romney dove into politics, running against Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) on his business record, but ultimately coming up short. Romney met political success in 2002 when he won the Massachusetts gubernatorial election. Governor Romney then ran for president in 2008, losing the Republican primary to Senator John McCain (R-AZ). Romney launched his second bid for the presidency in June 2011. Read More…

January 3, 2012 12:45 am

Jon Huntsman

By Alexander Chen

BACKGROUND

Jon Huntsman first gained national prominence for becoming the youngest ambassador in 100 years after George H. W. Bush appointed him the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore in 1992. Under George W. Bush, Huntsman served as a Deputy Trade Representatives. Huntsman then served as Governor of Utah from 2001 to 2009, leaving with an approval rating of over 80% and Pew Center recognition of Utah as the best managed state. President Obama appointed him U.S. Ambassador to China in 2009, a position that he left in April of 2011 in order to return to the United States to explore a bid for the presidency.

Read More…

January 1, 2012 4:32 pm

Ron Paul’s Campaign Problem

By Naji Filali

Rep. Ron Paul (R-Tex.) has a consistent message, which has endeared him to many disenchanted voters in the current political climate. What has always seemed to sink him, though, are the tactics his campaign has repeatedly chosen to employ. These cloud his original message and abdicate responsibility on critical questions concerning Rep. Paul’s electability altogether.

Ron Paul has a campaign problem and no one seems to want to take to the podium to remedy the situation.

For all intents and purposes, 2007 was a success story in mass grassroots fundraising. The Paul campaign broke the single-day fundraising record in the U.S. by raising over $6 million on the backs of individual donors in December 2007, for example. He packed 100,000+ members into thousands of meet-up groups in cities across the country, the most of any GOP contender at the time. Rep. Paul managed to garner between 5 and 8 percent of national support during the primary contests for those—especially younger voters with a strong Web presence—who gravitated toward the man for reasons other than conventional campaign outreach efforts from volunteers.

The problem was simple back then: resources were allocated poorly in that nearly all the campaigning was decentralized and devolved to local meet-up groups and savvy Internet surrogates – true to the Ron Paul credo – and a national strategy barely had an exoskeleton upon which to rely. This may have led to what social psychologist Gustave Le Bon would call “group mind,” in which a throng of followers exerts influence over its members, or simply acts independently. In both the short- and long-term, this might have actually helped the Paul campaign reach its various campaign goals, yet the supporters were also able to wield disproportionate influence over the campaign, diverting crucial resources toward a campaign blimp as opposed to television advertisements or the like.

The Paul campaign did well in learning from its amateur mistakes, rebounding almost immediately by the time 2011 rolled around. The remaining campaign funds were used as seed money for Campaign for Liberty, a 501(c)(4) organization with national outreach and local offices in key states that proselytized the libertarian message and organized against pressing legislative agendas, such as the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act. They hired seasoned campaign operatives like Trygve Olson that helped his son, Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), pull off an upset in 2010, as well as savvy ad man Jon Downs, who worked on George W. Bush’s 2000 presidential campaign. Office space has been in place for months, advertisements have saturated the airwaves in Iowa and New Hampshire, and volunteers have been plugging away at the phones and the doors of voters. In Paul’s own words, the American people were finally “swimming to him.”

Then, the newsletters resurfaced, alleging that Rep. Paul is racist, homophobic, and potentially anti-Semitic. As in 2007, the campaign has summarily disavowed Rep. Paul’s involvement with the newsletters without pointing to any particular staff member who may have written them in Rep. Paul’s name. In lockstep, his fervent libertarian supporters  have labeled this as the latest example of a “smear campaign” orchestrated by the mainstream media to discredit Rep. Paul’s campaign and bring down his poll numbers. His supporters obviously waste little to no time in responding collectively on behalf of their candidate of choice, on constant vigilance for signs of negative press coverage. However, there is not one singular centralized response to the accusations, which could cause a problems in terms of filtering and maintaining control over the campaign’s core message.

A Super PAC devoted to Rep. Paul’s nomination has stepped up to defend Paul from the media onslaught, as well, and just recently uploaded a video in which a middle-aged African American male from Texas details a supererogatory act of kindness by Dr. Paul toward him and his family several decades ago: Dr. Paul tended to his wife in the hospital when no one else would and did not charge the man a penny for his services.

What about his official campaign?  There is nothing on his official site that links or discusses the issue at all. The campaign had to know this was an inevitability, though, because every other candidate who has made a splash in the early polls, as Paul has of late, has had every part of his or her private and public life exhaustively scrutinized. Herman Cain has even been pushed out of the race entirely, as a consequence.

Ron Paul does not have a race problem. He has a campaign problem. As evidenced by the lack of response to the recent racist allegations, there seems to exist the belief within the campaign that the issue will simply dissipate over time and that the current “brush it under the carpet” strategy will work through the primary season. What should the campaign have done, and what can it do to effectively put this potentially fatal thorn behind it?

For starters, it could do what it has done so well over the past several months and release a professional advertisement in which sound bites of Rep. Paul narrate how his philosophy of personal liberty aims to turn the page by empowering Americans of every race, ethnicity, and orientation to promote the central American ideals of tolerance and freedom. Gary Johnson did this well with a low-budget, so I could only imagine what the Paul campaign could create.

Second, Rep. Paul would be wise to heed Michael Tomasky’s intriguing suggestion that he deliver an informal talk or speech focused solely on racism as candidate Barack Obama did in March 2008. In 2008, the speech did wonders for candidate Obama in moving beyond the inflammatory language of Rev. Jeremiah Wright and demonstrating leadership on the issue of race in the United States. Tomasky may believe that there are not enough GOP voters who care about alleged racism for Paul to respond, but would it hurt to speak for himself as any man of presidential caliber would, and put the matter behind him sooner rather than later, especially as some question his electability?

Should Ron Paul win this Jan. 3 in Iowa, his campaign should expect the entire weight of the GOP establishment and mainstream media to compound atop the campaign headquarters with even sharper scrutiny of statements published under his name. It may not be Rep. Paul’s personal style to put on his politician’s hat, but a presidential race is about demonstrating bold leadership. Overreliance on a heterogeneous, but well-intentioned score of supporters worked well in the past, but 2011 should be a time for the Paul campaign to reflect on its non-interventionist ways politically. After all, it just might help Paul’s chances of winning in the long run.

Photo Source: Gage Skidmore

January 1, 2012 4:17 pm

The Suitability of American Politics

By Olivia Zhu

For all the coverage of the 2012 election, there has been a lack of reporting on the issue of men’s fashion. Pundits have extensively analyzed the length of Michele Bachmann’s nails in the context of her political success, but almost nothing has been said about why male candidates are using spray tans, artificially graying their hair, and squeezing themselves in suits.

Lauren Rothman and Christina Wilkie, writers for The Huffington Post’s political style column, “The Fashion Whip,” have aptly noted that Bachmann’s image evolution over the course of the campaign comes off as fake: she “closes out the year looking less like a normal person and more like a product of full-time stylists and make-up artists, with little left of the Minnesota mom who captivated the GOP’s conservative base in 2010.” Bachmann’s fashion choices mirror her ambitions and influences. She dresses how she imagines a president would dress, leaving her congressional seat and her natural hair color behind. Read More…

January 1, 2012 4:05 pm

Bursting the Ron Paul Bubble

By Ross Svenson

Congressman Ron Paul appears to be picking up speed in Iowa. Leading or holding second place in several recent polls, he now is even flipping supporters of his fellow candidates. (Congresswoman Michele Bachmann’s state chair Iowa state Senator Kent Sorenson dramatically announced on Wednesday he would be switching his allegiance to Paul.) Believe it or not, Paul has a shot to win the Iowa Caucuses on January 3. As Paul gathers steam, however, it is important to pause and examine his record. Only a brief look will reveal how incompatible his political positions are with those of the great majority of Americans. Any chance Paul has of winning the Republican nomination and the presidency will certainly be extinguished as the public familiarizes itself with his beliefs.

Right off the bat, his belief that Social Security is unconstitutional and should become optional for young people conflicts with nearly universal public recognition of its importance as a government program and the over 60% of Americans who believe the government should not break its commitment in providing benefits. In a January 2011 Gallup poll, Republicans and Democrats were equally as likely to oppose cuts to Social Security. Paul’s views on changing Social Security will not be an asset in Republican primaries, let alone the general election. Republicans lost big in a New York State special election when Congressman Paul Ryan’s Medicare-altering budget became a campaign issue. Imagine the evisceration Paul would face as a presidential candidate given his views on Social Security. Read More…

December 23, 2011 3:21 pm

What Iowa Could Mean

By Humza Bokhari

Without publicly predicting any outcome in the extremely volatile Iowa Republican race, I can still entertain the “ifs” by postulating a number of different scenarios which take into account Iowa’s potential impact on how candidates will have to position themselves moving forward.

So… if…

A farm road near Williamsburg, IA. The journey through Iowa, though a long one, is not over yet. But where will it lead?

It’s a Gingrich Night: Anti-Gingrich Republicans will have reason to fear, because Gingrich, who until recently was the clear frontrunner in the race, will take advantage of an Iowa win to make a serious case against Romney in New Hampshire. After that, it’s on to South Carolina, where he’s already a favored conservative. This race has fluctuated a lot so far, and if Gingrich, who has polled at or near the top of the field recently, can fight the Paul surge, it will bode very well for his nomination prospects. The real concern, though, is that his surge has waned as effective attack ads have aired. Even if Gingrich comes out with a win, as ads continue to level claims in the next primary states, his leads could diminish as fast as they have in Iowa. Read More…

December 14, 2011 1:30 pm

Governor Gary Johnson

By Naji Filali

Gary Johnson is a former two-term governor of New Mexico and current candidate for the GOP nomination for President. He is known for his low-tax libertarian views and is an avid mountain climber and triathlete.

For an audio version of this interview, click here.

Harvard Political Review: Where do you differ with fellow libertarian-leaning presidential candidate Ron Paul?

Gary Johnson: I have the unique experience of leading a start-up business that eventually employed over 1,000 people. I also served 8 years as governor of New Mexico and, while Ron Paul got to register his principled “no” vote on issues he disagreed, I got to debate and discuss my vetoes for weeks on end. Lastly, I am not a social conservative. I would describe myself as a classical liberal, and I support a woman’s right to choose.

HPR: What is the Gary Johnson plan for economic recovery?

GJ: I believe we are on the verge of a monetary collapse. We’re not immune to the mathematics of continuing to spend more money than we take in. If elected, I will submit a balanced budget to Congress in 2013 that will reduce federal spending by 43%. I also promise to veto any legislation where expenses exceed revenue and to advocate for throwing out the entire federal tax system and replacing it with Fair-Tax. I share in the outrage of Occupy Wall Street protesters that government picks winners and losers, and implementing FairTax would fix this.

HPR: How do you explain being left out of nearly every primary debate?

GJ: No matter how you cut my exclusion, I think you just have to judge it as grossly unfair. CNN excluded me from the second debate after coming up with a rule that I had to be at 1% in 5 national polls, even though I met that criteria. During my last debate, Fox News Network chose to interpret the rule as the last 5 national polls where my name appeared and, as a result, I was included. I don’t want to claim to be ahead of others that have been given opportunity, but I just want to claim equal footing to those individuals and I’m not being given that equal footing. Read More…

December 9, 2011 11:48 pm

A Strong Response

By Paul Schied

One of the benefits of living with people who make their academic homes in seven different Harvard departments is that you get some pretty interesting tidbits that you wouldn’t hear otherwise.

My music major roommate, for instance, recently sent an email to our email list:

 Just realized this: the music in Rick Perry’s new anti-gay ad is by Aaron Copland, a famous 20th Century American composer…who was an outspoken gay Jew. [Update: the music is not actually by Copland, but is a cheap knock-off of sorts of Copland's Appalachian Spring according to The New Yorker music critic Alex Ross '90.]

Copland also supported the Communist Party in the 1930s.

This revelation was surprising, but by no means the most surprising aspect of the mini-firestorm that has been the reaction to Perry’s “Strong” ad.

To be honest, I have been most surprised by the fact that everyone else seems, well, surprised. Read More…

December 9, 2011 11:35 pm

Give Paul a Chance

By Joshua Lipson

In summer 2008, I took part in the overheated swarm of high school students at programs in DC, studying U.S. foreign policy by day and arguing with pasty-faced Wilsonians by night. On an outing to Capitol Hill, I headed to the Cannon House Office Building, following the crowd wisdom that Representative Ron Paul (R-TX) would talk to just about anybody. Panting, I arrived to the news that our target had just disappeared into a radio interview – only to be corrected moments later by the good doctor himself.

“I think I have time for one more visit.”

Starstruck, my group eagerly scooped up a handful of signature green pocket Constitutions and took turns offering pleasantries and “fight the good fight”s. The line reached me.

“I sympathize with many of your views, Dr. Paul.”

The room fell silent. On our way out, a friend turned to me and explained: “You’re supposed to support him!”

Ron Paul … deserves your consideration. Although I’m possessed of too many caveats to offer an explicit endorsement, his unique and genuinely interesting candidacy merits all the sympathy it can get from both sides of the aisle – especially during a primary season light on dissent, ideological diversity, and intellectual rigor. Read More…

November 27, 2011 8:08 pm

President Obama’s Congress Problem

By Matt Shuham

 Recently, I saw a clip of Chris Matthews grumbling at the state of the Obama Presidency. Matthews was expressing frustration at a perceived lack of communication between the president and Congress, and I think he’s on to something.

Barack Obama came into office with everything going for him – a clear voter mandate, concrete plans, and a united Congress ready to promote Democratic ideals. So what happened?

First, it’s important to establish that Obama has done quite a lot right: he’s pulled back the economy from the brink of collapse, saved the American auto industry, created a healthcare plan that will help millions, and orchestrated a defense strategy that’s carefully taking us out of the Middle East without leaving a mess behind.

But at the same time, he hasn’t had the same relationship with Congress that defined the presidencies of Bill Clinton, or Ronald Reagan. These were true consensus builders who, despite the difficulties their policies faced, were effective in rallying support and building coalitions. Read More…

November 6, 2011 12:37 pm

Rick Perry’s Rise and Fall

By Frank Mace and James Alver

The Texas Governor Won’t Be the GOP Nominee

The day he announced his candidacy, Rick Perry was the darling of the Republican Party. The Texas governor quickly galloped to the top of national polls, seemingly emerging as the ideal conservative challenger to President Obama. After months of lamenting the GOP field as insufficiently conservative or lacking in passion, many Republicans saw in Perry their ideal candidate.

But then, as Harvard Kennedy School professor Matthew Baum puts it, “he started talking.” To be sure, as Jenny Beth Martin, co-founder and CEO of Tea Party Patriots, points out, “Everyone seems to be very optimistic about anyone new who enters the race at first, giving them the benefit of the doubt.” Yet this pattern has already occurred with aspirants and characters alike, ranging from Sarah Palin to Donald Trump. Since the bounce afforded by novelty receded, Perry’s odds of victory have fallen steeply. Yet the governor’s problems are more fundamental. Perry will ultimately fail to win the Republican nomination because he inadequately appeals to social and business conservatives alike.

A Conservative Challenge

Perry’s meteoric rise and fall base on similar causes. Martin believes that “this time around…voters are looking for what the candidate’s track-record really is and not just what they say they’re going to do.” As Martin claims, Americans are taking a hard look at “candidates’ background and qualifications.” Unfortunately for Governor Perry, his conservative bona fides stand far from what they seemed just two months ago. Two issues in particular have allowed fringe opponents to portray Perry as unfaithful to the conservative principles: immigration and vaccines. Read More…

October 30, 2011 6:13 pm

The Party of Racism?

By Frank Mace

The Left has long styled itself as the champion of civil rights, the party of minorities, and the nemesis of racism. Implicit, and so often explicit, in its self-characterization as the tolerant party is the charge that the GOP is the party of white racists and bigots. Allegations of racism leveled at the GOP, from sources such as Morgan Freeman or Bill Maher, are nothing new and do not require recounting here. Now, however, a black man leads the race for the Republican presidential nomination. The Democratic response has been puzzling and remarkably unfair.

According to many liberals, Republican and Tea Party support for Herman Cain is actually a product of conservative racism. Take, for example, MSNBC commentator and Democratic strategist Karen Finney, who said of the “white Republican base” Friday: “I think they like [Herman Cain] because they think he is a black man who knows his place.”

Or MSNBC host Ed Schultz, who recently claimed Herman Cain appeals to “white Republicans out there who don’t like black folks.” Schultz also attacked alleged vice presidential contender Jim DeMint for being racist because he used the word “break.” Apparently “break” is an “old southern racist term,” and Schultz brought on Lehigh University Director of Africana Studies James Peterson to confirm that the word “breaking” was “a term that was used to destroy, mentally and physically, slaves.” Dr. Peterson continued on to state that DeMint’s use of ‘break’ “gives you kind of a sense of how dark some of these racial discourses can be in presidential politics.” Read More…

October 27, 2011 2:56 am

Looking At The Likes

By Humza Bokhari

Four months and one egregiously elitist Shakespeare reference ago, I wrote an article summing up the results of a curious sort-of-study on candidate’s “like” numbers on Facebook – basically, I took candidates’ like numbers from before and after a week and made some superficial observations based on unscientific data.
Nevertheless, four months later, I thought it might be prudent to take another look at the Landscape of Likes to see how candidates are doing. In four months… did looking liking move?
I’d fathom some candidates are rather thrilled with how they’ve done. Others… not so much.

Quotable star-crossed lover Juliet, questioning why Bachmann, like her parents, prefers traditional marriage.

Our starting point last time was June 25, 2011, and we looked at two weeks from then. Now, we’re looking at the full four months from June 25th to October 25th.

Cain has gained. But is it noteworthy? Back at the end of June, Herman Cain was bubbling in the lower 100,000 range along with Pawlenty, Gingrich, and Johnson. Now Cain has shot through with about 300,000 likes, which makes sense seeing how he is now a pseudo front“runner” in the GOP’s leisurely stroll towards a nominee. But then again, Bachmann, who used to have a New Hampshire staff, has about 460,000. And she’s polling in count-‘em-in-Kindergarten digits.

Huntsman is still unknown. Four months ago, I would have given Huntsman a pass because his campaign was in the nascent stages, and it would take him time to build recognition and support. Well, he’s surged over 150%, to an impressive… 20,000-ish. Did I mention it’s been four months? Read More…

custom writing

  • I acquiesce I as-a-rule refer particular custom writing capitally and I at-large have formidable feast from successful work of wonderful experts. My prompt bought runs are made by censorious sterns and by clean-cut proposal. To disburse my empty time I call substantive behalf. I generally arouse to my kid friends to go it too. I look they directly will be decidedly joyful.